Knighted in 1902 – creator of Professor George Edward Challenger, Brigadier Etienne Gerard and Sherlock Holmes. The first Holmes novel ‘A Study in Scarlet’ was published in 1887, and the first collection of short stories in 1892. The character was originally portrayed on screen in 1900 in ‘Sherlock Holmes Baffled’ a one-minute silent, filmed on the roof of American Mutoscope and Biograph Company in New York.  A one-reeler, ‘The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes’, produced by Vitagraph and starring Maurice Costello, was released in 1905.